• Somniferous = causing sleep / sleep-inducing
• Sleepy = already related to sleep, not opposite
  So (b) is actually similar in meaning, not opposite.

Correct answer: (a) Energising

The phrase “Someone who challenges or resists the established system or authority” refers to a person who opposes or defies authority or norms.
Such a person is called a Rebel.

Option Analysis:

(a) Advocate — A person who supports a cause.
(b) Conformist — A person who follows rules and norms.
(c) Rebel — A person who resists authority.
(d) Theist — A person who believes in God.

• The sentence requires a non-defining relative clause (comma already given before the blank).
• In non-defining clauses, we do not use “that”.
• The correct relative pronoun for the clause is “which”.

Correct sentence:

The proposal, which was approved unanimously, will be implemented next month.

Option Analysis:

• (a) that → Incorrect (not used in non-defining clauses)
• (b) which → Correct (used with commas in non-defining clause)
• (c) what → Incorrect (not a relative pronoun here)
• (d) whose → Incorrect (shows possession, not suitable)

• The idiom "get the jump on" means to gain an advantage by acting before someone else or to be the first to take action.
• Therefore, the option that best matches this meaning is "gain an edge by moving first."
• Hence, Option (b) "Gain an edge by moving first" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Option (a) "Admit defeat suddenly" — Incorrect. This meaning is unrelated to the idiom.
• Option (b) "Gain an edge by moving first" — Correct. It means to act earlier than others and secure an advantage.
• Option (c) "Turn against one’s friends" — Incorrect. This does not relate to the idiom.
• Option (d) "Avoid consequences" — Incorrect. The idiom does not imply escaping responsibility.

• The word "inexorable" means impossible to stop, persuade, or prevent; unyielding and relentless.
• Therefore, the word that is closest in meaning is "relentless."
• Hence, Option (b) "Relentless" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Option (a) "Lenient" — Incorrect. It means merciful or tolerant, which is the opposite of inexorable.
• Option (b) "Relentless" — Correct. It means persistent, unstoppable, and unyielding.
• Option (c) "Adaptable" — Incorrect. It means able to adjust to new conditions.
• Option (d) "Tender" — Incorrect. It means gentle, soft, or compassionate.

• The phrase "to abroad" is grammatically incorrect because "abroad" is an adverb, not a noun.
• Adverbs do not take prepositions such as "to" before them.
• Therefore, "go abroad" is the correct expression.
• Hence, Option (a) "are planning to go abroad" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Option (a) "are planning to go abroad" — Correct. "Go abroad" is the standard and grammatically correct phrase.
• Option (b) "plan going to abroad" — Incorrect. The verb "plan" should be followed by an infinitive (to go) rather than going, and "to abroad" is incorrect.
• Option (c) "are planning to go to the abroad" — Incorrect. "Abroad" does not take the article "the."
• Option (d) "are planning to go for abroad" — Incorrect. The preposition "for" cannot be used before "abroad."

• The highlighted word "crosier" in the sentence refers to a bishop's ceremonial staff carried during religious services.
• A homonym is a word that has the same spelling and pronunciation but a different meaning.
• In Option (a), "crosier" refers to the coiled young fronds of certain ferns, which is a different meaning of the same word.
• Hence, Option (a) "The gardener admired the crosier ferns growing near the pond." is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Option (a) — Correct. Here, "crosier" means the curved tip of a young fern frond (fiddlehead).
• Option (b) — Incorrect. "Crosier" refers to the bishop's staff, the same meaning as the highlighted word.
• Option (c) — Incorrect. "Crosier" again means the ceremonial staff.
• Option (d) — Incorrect. "Crosier" retains the original religious meaning.

• The phrase "a _____ evaluation" requires an adjective that naturally collocates with "evaluation."
• "Thorough-going" is a standard adjective meaning complete, detailed, and exhaustive.
• Therefore, "thorough-going evaluation" is the correct collocation.
• Hence, Option (b) "thorough-going" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Option (a) "threw going" — Incorrect. This is not a valid English expression.
• Option (b) "thorough-going" — Correct. It means comprehensive, detailed, and complete in every aspect.
• Option (c) "comprehensive-go" — Incorrect. This is not a standard collocation or compound adjective.
• Option (d) "going-thorough" — Incorrect. The word order is incorrect and does not form a meaningful adjective.

• The error is in Part (4): "has been ignored for a long time."
• The relative pronoun "which" refers to "the repeated warnings", which is a plural noun.
• Therefore, the verb must agree with the plural antecedent.
• "Warnings" requires the plural verb "have", not "has."
• Hence, Option (d) Part (4) is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Part (1) "Neither did the committee acknowledge the financial irregularities" — Correct. The structure "Neither did + subject + base verb" is grammatically accurate.
• Part (2) "nor did they consider the repeated warnings" — Correct. After the auxiliary verb "did", the base form "consider" is correctly used.
• Part (3) "issued by auditors, which, according to reports," — Correct. The relative pronoun "which" correctly refers to the noun "warnings."
• Part (4) "has been ignored for a long time" — Incorrect. Since "warnings" is plural, the correct verb form is "have been ignored."

• The phrase "an official, general forgiveness declared by the State" refers to a government's act of granting pardon to a large group of people, usually for political offences.
• The word "Amnesty" means an official pardon granted by a government to individuals or groups for past offences.
• Therefore, it is the most appropriate one-word substitution.
• Hence, Option (b) "Amnesty" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Option (a) Parole — Incorrect. It means the conditional release of a prisoner before the completion of their sentence.
• Option (b) Amnesty — Correct. It means an official, general pardon granted by the State.
• Option (c) Clemency — Incorrect. It means mercy or leniency shown to an individual, usually by a person in authority.
• Option (d) Remission — Incorrect. It means a reduction or cancellation of a punishment, sentence, or debt.