Day: September 27, 2025

New Finless Snake Eel Species Apterichtus kanniyakumari Discovered off Tamil Nadu Coast

The new species, Apterichtus kanniyakumari, is a finless snake eel that has been found in the Colachel coast in Tamil Nadu. The specimens were collected at a depth of approximately 100 m using deep-sea trawling and were examined in detail in terms of morphology and DNA analysis to ensure that they were unique. The eel is characterized by a body of golden yellow color, the lower half of the head is pale, and it has three black spots. It is the 16th marine species to be reported at the Indian coast by the NBFGR team, reflecting the unexplored but biodiverse marine species of the Arabian Sea off the Kanniyakumari.

Characteristics of Apterichtus kanniyakumari:

The eel species is visually different and can be identified by’

  • The body color is golden-yellow.

  • Sky-white underside of the head with yellow lines on the lower jaw.

  • Three black blotches:

  • One behind the eye.

  • One at the side of the mouth (rictus).

  • One behind the cause of the rictus.

Another important point of Apterichtus

  • Discover by NBFGR found it near Colachel, Tamil Nadu.

  • Named after the Kanniyakumari district.

  • Scientific name: Apterichtus (finless snake eel)

  • Recognition: Golden-yellow body, black blotches, and genetic CO 1 clade differentiation.

  • Habitat: Sandy bottom, 100 to 800m deep.

  • Family: Ophichthidae (snake eels)

Conclusion

The Apterichtus kanniyakumari was quite an achievement in the marine biodiversity study of India. Discovered off the coast of Kanniyakumari, this finless snake eel is indicative of the hidden abundance of the deep-sea ecosystems in the country that are still largely unexploited. Its distinctive characteristics, which were verified by observing morphological and genetic variation, are a great source of information about evolutionary diversity amongst eels. Not only is this observation contributing to the list of marine species that have been recorded in India before, but it also highlights why it is so crucially important to increase ocean research and preservation. Conserving delicate deep-sea ecosystems will help secure the survival of rare and endangered species such as this one, which is being preserved to add to the global knowledge base on ecology.

Jinali Mody Wins UNEP Young Champions of the Earth 2025 Award

The Young Champions of the Earth award by UNEP, which Jinali Pranabh Mody of India announced at Climate Week in New York. Her business, Banofi Leather, is a plant-based leather manufacturing company that utilizes waste banana crops to create leather, reducing the amount of water used, carbon dioxide emissions, and poisonous waste relative to traditional leather-making methods. The prize comes with seed funding of $20 000, mentorship, and support in a global platform to help her scale up her innovation. Others who made it to the 2025 list include Joseph Nguthiru of Kenya and Noemi Florea of the United States, who are known to have innovative solutions to sustainability and environmental conservation.

What is the UN Environment Programme?

  • UNEP has the Young Champions of the Earth Prize, which is the most prominent youth award created to honor young talents making a change in terms of the environment.

  • The prize provides funding, mentorship, and a global platform to scale among winners.

  • Other winners in 2025 were innovators in India, Kenya, and the United States, known to have sustainable solutions.

  • In the year 1972, UNEP was formed in order to organise the environmental activities internationally.

  • It has its headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya.

  • Inger Andersen is the present Executive Director.

  • Since 1975, India has been an active member of the UNEP, contributing to major environmental programs.

Conclusion 

UNEP Young Champions of the Earth Prize honors youth in the innovation frontier under such themes as climate action, biodiversity, waste reduction, and sustainable energy. UNEP enhances global cooperation by supporting and making visible the winners. The participation of India emphasizes its approach towards sustainability, in line with the world's aims of a cleaner and stronger future.

 

First U.S. Artemis astronaut mission around the moon on track for April 2026

The NASA organization is set to launch its first crewed mission to the moon in April, which is a significant event in the history of space exploration. The mission will launch astronauts on a lunar flyby, the first such trip in more than 50 years since Apollo. The Artemis program will also test deep-space travel critical systems that will lead to future Moon landings and permanent lunar presence. It will not land, but will orbit the Moon, which will prove the performance of the spacecraft, life support, and the preparation of the crew. The accomplishment will empower the U.S. in the space realm and lay the groundwork to explore Mars in the next decades.

An important key point of the mission

  • Astronauts will be taken to the moon in the first mission to orbit the moon in decades. The first crewed Artemis mission will depart in April 2026. The mission will involve testing the Orion systems, life support, and crew. The step is important as a precursor to landing on the moon and sustainably exploring deep space.

  • Four astronauts on the Orion spacecraft will be launched on the SLS rocket to the moon on a 10-day flyby in the Artemis II mission, no earlier than April 2026. 

  • There will be testing of the life support, navigation, and crew systems in deep space, and then it will be back to Earth. 

  • This mission is a very crucial preparatory step to Artemis III, which will bring astronauts back to the Moon.

India’s stand & plans regarding lunar missions

  • ISRO aims to orbit Indian astronauts to the Moon by 2035, to land there, and to conduct a fully indigenous crewed mission by 2040.

  • India is working on robotic lunar missions (Chandrayaanseries) as forerunners to manned missions.

  • Chandrayaan-1 (2008): This is the first Indian mission to the moon, which identified water molecules on the moon.

  • Chandrayaan-2 (2019): Orbiter was successful, lander crashed.

  • Chandrayaan-3 (2023): Made a historic soft landing on the south pole of the moon.

Conclusion 

The mission is the most ambitious crewed flight by NASA to the moon in decades as the agency heads to Artemis II in April 2026. It will strictly test life support systems, navigation, and spacecraft systems. A successful Artemis III Moon landing will be a confidence booster and reenergize the U.S. dominance in space.

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