Similipal Odisha's Largest National Park Becomes India’s 107th National Park

The status change of Similipal to a National Park strengthens environmental preservation efforts, which protect both its ecological diversity and wildlife. Similipal now operates as one of India’s protected environmental areas since its newly acquired National Park designation. The National Park status represents an important step for conservation since it strengthens protections of the unique wildlife population, which includes Bengal tigers, elephants and gaurs.

Context of the News:

• The Indian government has declared Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha as India's 107th National Park. 

• It now stands as the largest National Park of Odisha.

Key Points:

Historical Background:

• The establishment draws its name from the Indian tree “Silmul”(Silk Cotton Tree).

• In 1956, Similipal earned its title as a tiger reserve while Project Tiger incorporated it in 1973.

• The biosphere reserve achieved recognition from UNESCO when it received membership status in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in 2009.

Geographical Location and Coverage:

• The area sits within the Mayurbhanj district in Odisha, where it is part of the Eastern Ghats mountain region.

• Total area: 4,374 sq. km (Core: 845, Buffer: 2,129, Transition: 1,400)

Vegetation:

• 1,076 flowering species and 96 species of orchids.

• The reserve consists of four major forest types which include tropical semi-evergreen forests, tropical moist deciduous forests, dry deciduous hill forests, and sal forests.

Tribal Communities:

• But the township of Erenga Kharias and Mankirdias residents continue their traditional seed collection and timber harvest activities within this territory.

Wildlife:

• The area contains Bengal tigers while Asian elephants and gaur and Chausingha join 300 different bird species as well as amphibians and reptiles.

Vulnerability to Forest Fires:

• Forest fires occur from lightning storms and high temperature extremes as well as from activities engaged in by humans such as poaching.

• The conservation plan comprises scheduled fire forecasts together with community fire prevention programs and protection measures using fire lines and stricter wildlife regulations.

Other Major Protected Areas in Odisha:

• National Parks: Bhitarkanika National Park (Saltwater Crocodiles).

• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Chilika WLS, Hadgarh WLS, Baisipalli WLS, Nandankanan WLS, Lakhari Valley WLS, Gahirmatha (Marine) WLS.

Conclusion:

The promotion of Similipal National Park represents a critical milestone that advances wildlife conservation throughout Odisha. Strategic fire mitigation together with local population support and the previously identified biodiversity will protect Similipal National Park's distinctive wildlife and ecosystems. The largest national park in Odisha positions Similipal for a critical part in India's environmental protection activities.