As part of its objectives, Arunachal Pradesh has declared the period of 2025-2035 as the decade of Hydropower, in view of taking advantage of the huge potential of 58,000 MW that it possesses. The State will utilize this source of energy to lead to increased industrial activities which will provide huge income and a favorable regulatory environment, and some of the major projects to be implemented are the controversial Siang Upper Multipurpose Project (SUMP).

Context: 

• The state of Arunachal Pradesh has considered setting up the 2025-35 as the Decade of hydropower in order to tap the full potential of hydropower that is 58,000 MW. 

• It is a potential that the State seeks to harness in terms of industrial development, revenue and economic growth and also be able to address local concerns of major projects such as hydropower.

Key Points

Strategic Goals:

• Target generation of 58,000 MW of energy by the use of mega, large and small hydro projects.

• Use the free power income to promote local development, infrastructure and industries.

Profit and Investment:

• By 2035, Arunachal Pradesh will receive 4.525 crore worth of free power every year.

• The total investment is expected to go up to over 2 lakh crores in the next decade aimed at 19 GW of power-generation.

Policy and Governance:

• Concentrate on a sound policy and regulatory framework to attract and control investments in hydropower.

• Escrow accounts to be created with a strategic clear use of the revenue derived on free power.

Siang Upper Multipurpose Project (SUMP)

• SUMP will produce 11,000MW, and it is a strategic response to China in the Yarlung Tsangpo River.

• The government intends to consult with the local population, compensate where necessary and reduce opposition.

Rehabilitation and Urban Planning:

• Establishment of the New Yingkiong and New Geku Development Authorities to deal with resettlement and City planning.

• urban Development Department to consider the compensation policies and created a strategy of rehabilitation of families which are displaced.

Conclusion

The declaration of Arunachal Pradesh as the State as the place where the hydropower of 2025-35 is a place of power shows the thoroughness of the State to use its significant hydro sources in the development of the sustainable growth of the State. The State is seeking to invest strategically, make policy changes, and involve the community, all in a bid to deliver high rates of economic growth, and at the same time take care of the local issues revolving around large-scale hydroelectric projects.

The Indian Navy is preparing perhaps its largest single-phase program as it plans to induct up to 10 locally built warships by the end of 2025. This step highlights the Indian efforts in enhancing the indigenous production of defense products and attaining prowess in strategic naval capabilities. The move is an indication of India stepping up efforts to achieve self-sufficiency in the field of defense production and to develop naval capabilities.

Context

• By December 2025, the Indian Navy is expected to launch as many as 10 warships, comprising the first Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow-Water Craft (INS Arnala), and the second stealth frigate in the Talwar-class (INS Tamal). 

Key Points 

Other Significant Warships to be commissioned:

• INS Arnala: The most modern is the first of 16 Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow-Water Craft (ASW-SWC) ships that are used to patrol beneath the surface, counter submarines, and undertake rescues of any kind in littoral areas and shallow waters.

• INS Tamal: The second ship in a series of multi-role warships that have been constructed under a technology transfer deal with Russia, the Talwar-class stealth frigates.

• INS Nilgiri: A second frigate under Nilgiri-class should be introduced at the end of the year.

Development and Specifications of Warship:

• This is the largest Indian naval warship to be powered both by diesel engines as well as waterjets constructed by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) Kolkata and L&T Shipbuilders.

• The INS Tamal is an INS Krivak class frigate, purpose-built to the Indian Navy, forming part of the follow on program Project 1135 in addition to Project 1135.6.

• It had been built with two in India and two in Russia.

Indigenisation and Technological Break-throughs:

• India is also going ahead with its ambitious plans to build a 175-ship Navy by the year 2035, emphasising on indigenizing the manufacture, newer technologies and intensive Navy input in design and production processes.

• The recent commissioning of INS Vagsheer proves a step further in developing the prowess of the Indian Navy in terms of submarines as the project 75 builds a Kalvari-class, diesel-electric submarine.

• The Indian Navy is also moving ahead with Project 75I where it attempts to construct six state-of-art conventional advanced attack submarines.

Aviation and Helicopter advancement:

• On the air side, the U.S has been supplying the Indian Navy with MH-60R seahawk helicopters which have since supplied 13 out of 24 helicopters ordered to enhance maritime surveillance and anti-submarine warfare.

Conclusion

The construction of 10 domestically made warships by December 2025 can be seen as an important process in the current aims of the Indian Navy to develop domestically made defense strategies. Keeping a radical set of technological upgrade, indigenization, and tactical independence as the key agenda, India is soon to concretize its military in the marine in the forthcoming years to achieve an efficient and independent armed service personnel.