{"id":11841,"date":"2026-04-06T11:41:23","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T06:11:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/?p=11841"},"modified":"2026-04-06T11:41:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T06:11:55","slug":"newcastle-disease-spreads-across-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/newcastle-disease-spreads-across-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Newcastle Disease Spreads Across Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Newcastle Disease outbreak has been a recent one, raising concerns in Europe, with numerous cases reported in 2026. Official surveys conducted by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and European animal health authorities have indicated that the disease is spreading to countries such as Poland, Germany, and Spain. Avian influenza is a very contagious viral disease that afflicts poultry and other birds, leading to massive losses in the agricultural sector. The cases that have re-emerged, including commercial farm infections, have heightened the biosecurity concerns and elevated the level of risk overall in Europe.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Newcastle Disease Spreads Across Europe: Impact &amp; Risk Factors<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several countries in Europe, including Poland, Germany, Spain, Lithuania, and Slovakia, have officially reported cases of the disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Poland is the most affected nation, and the outbreaks in 2026 affected up to 1.8 million birds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germany reported its first outbreak since 2008 (or decades for poultry), meaning that it has re-emerged in areas that were controlled.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Poultry farms in Spain, both commercial and non-commercial, have also experienced outbreaks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The disease is induced by avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1) and is transmitted very fast among birds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It impacts the respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems, which in most cases causes high mortality rates in poultry.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The symptoms in the infected birds are coughing, sneezing, paralysis, diarrhoea, and lack of appetite.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The outbreak has seen authorities raising the risk levels in some areas, such as Great Britain, to medium.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transmission is associated with the flight of wild birds, commerce, infected equipment, and farm biosecurity breaches.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The European Commission has put in place emergency control areas and movement restrictions to control the disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vaccination exists but is not quite efficient, and that is why strict biosecurity is necessary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Governments note that Newcastle disease is a notifiable disease, and they should report suspected cases immediately.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International trade and poultry farming are at risk of facing a severe economic threat due to the outbreak.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Continuous monitoring systems, such as the Animal Disease Information System (ADIS), are monitoring cases in Europe.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Experts caution that unless containment measures are well adhered to, the disease can keep on spreading to the west.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">MCQs on Poultry<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Which disease is commonly known as Bird Flu?<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. Newcastle Disease<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. Avian Influenza<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. Swine Flu<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. Rabies<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Answer: B. Avian Influenza<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: Avian Influenza is a viral disease in birds, commonly called Bird Flu.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Avian Influenza is caused by which virus family?<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. Coronavirus<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. Orthomyxoviridae<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. Retroviridae<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. Flaviviridae<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Answer: B. Orthomyxoviridae<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Which of the following diseases spreads most rapidly among poultry in India?<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. Tuberculosis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. Avian Influenza<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. Malaria<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. Cholera<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Answer: B. Avian Influenza<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: It spreads quickly among birds and causes major outbreaks.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>The primary host of H5N1 virus is:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. Humans<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. Birds<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. Cattle<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. Fish<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Answer: B. Birds<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: H5N1 mainly infects birds but can sometimes spread to humans.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Which organisation monitors global animal diseases?<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. WHO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. FAO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. UNESCO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Answer: C. OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health)<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: OIE tracks and manages animal disease outbreaks worldwide.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Zoonotic diseases are those which:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. Affect only animals<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. Spread from animals to humans<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. Spread only through water<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. Affect plants<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Answer: B. Spread from animals to humans<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: Zoonotic diseases transmit between animals and humans.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Which of the following is NOT a poultry disease?<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. Avian Influenza<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. Newcastle Disease<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. Foot and Mouth Disease<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. Infectious Bursal Disease<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Answer: C. Foot and Mouth Disease<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: It mainly affects cattle, not poultry.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Which measure is most effective in controlling poultry diseases?<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. Increasing imports<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. Biosecurity measures<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. Ignoring symptoms<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. Open farming<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Answer: B. Biosecurity measures<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: Hygiene and restricted movement prevent disease spread.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Which disease caused a major poultry crisis in India multiple times?<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. Dengue<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. Avian Influenza<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. HIV<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. Tuberculosis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Answer: B. Avian Influenza<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: Bird Flu outbreaks have led to large poultry losses in India.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Swine Flu (H1N1) primarily spreads through:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. Water<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. Air droplets<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. Soil<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. Food only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Answer: B. Air droplets<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: It spreads via coughing, sneezing, and close contact.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Consider the following statements regarding Avian Influenza:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is caused by viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It primarily affects birds but can infect humans.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It spreads only through contaminated water.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. 1 and 2 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. 2 and 3 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. 1 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. 1, 2 and 3<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Answer: A. 1 and 2 only<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: It spreads through contact, air, and surfaces\u2014not only water.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>With reference to zoonotic diseases, consider the following statements:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They can be transmitted from animals to humans.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All viral diseases are zoonotic.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They include diseases like rabies and avian influenza.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. 1 and 3 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. 2 and 3 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. 1 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. 1, 2 and 3<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Answer: A. 1 and 3 only<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: Not all viral diseases are zoonotic.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Consider the following pairs (disease \u2013 primary host):<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">H5N1 \u2013 Birds<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">H1N1 \u2013 Pigs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Foot-and-Mouth Disease \u2013 Poultry<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Which of the pairs given above is\/are correctly matched?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A. 1 and 2 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> B. 2 and 3 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> C. 1 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> D. 1, 2 and 3<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Answer: A. 1 and 2 only<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Explanation: Foot-and-mouth disease affects cattle, not poultry.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/pm-inaugurates-samrat-samprati-museum-at-koba-tirth\">PM Inaugurates Samrat Samprati Museum at Koba Tirth in Gandhinagar<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conclusion &#8211; Newcastle Disease<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Newcastle disease continues posing a significant risk to the health of poultry in the world because of its high transmissibility and the cost implications. It can cause massive death and trade losses to affect the respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems in birds. Strict biosecurity, early detection, and vaccination measures need to be put in place to ensure effective control. Being a notifiable disease, it is important to report promptly. In general, poultry industries and food security on the global level require constant supervision and proactive strategies to avoid outbreaks.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Newcastle Disease outbreak has been a recent one, raising concerns in Europe, with numerous cases reported in 2026. Official surveys conducted by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and European animal health authorities have indicated that the disease is spreading to countries such as Poland, Germany, and Spain. Avian influenza is a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11842,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-international"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11841"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11841\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11844,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11841\/revisions\/11844"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}