{"id":27799,"date":"2024-10-17T12:24:48","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T12:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/current-affairs-capsule-for-15th-october-2024-6003\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T13:23:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T13:23:36","slug":"current-affairs-capsule-for-15th-october-2024-6003","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/current-affairs-capsule-for-15th-october-2024-6003\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Affairs Capsule for 15th October 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-group english-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1. Nijjar case: India, Canada \u2018expert\u2019 diplomats\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 183px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXd2C3A-PBjaDZL3BxNrgACyP_AWKPJAxmTAMb6DOZcrBQm01OZr4uQ5ThmNJUdLYYIgnnoz9772ztwcfH8wPzmn7Lw0W8x0gntxapCeu-uV3_1EC35MTT1MjPpDv8zioS9oAE--Zs-gPau49Voj7f3u8nlF?key=RqHCu4BQHAYBN5RcKBhoDg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Background<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Diplomatic Tensions:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">On 18 June 2023, things took a drastic turn when Canada alleged that its Indian agents were behind the assassination of Hardeep Singh Nijjar, a Canadian Sikh preacher, leading to an already existing tension for the Sikh community. Canada branded six Indian policemen on a list of \u201cpersons of interest\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>India\u2019s Response:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India firmly rebuffed the allegations characterizing such claims as \u201cridiculous\u201d, and also linked the issue to some internal Canadian political issues namely the influence from Sikh separatist groups.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/h4>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Key Developments<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Diplomatic Expulsion:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India expelled six Canadian diplomats among them Stewart Ross Wheeler.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India for its part stood up its High Commissioner to Canada physically and also recalled other diplomatic staff as well from Canada signalling raising of temperatures.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Canada&#8217;s Actions :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Canada brought forth the Indian involvement in Nijjar\u2019s death and curbed down on its diplomatic mission to India.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Safety Concerns:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Due to escalation of tension, India had raised concerns regarding the safety of its diplomatic circlet in Canada.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Implications for India<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bilateral Trade: There were also trade implications as Canada and India were still in the process of working out a trade agreement.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Diaspora Relations: Canada has a large population of Indian immigrants who include students, and Sikh militant groups.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance to Exams<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SSC CGL: International relations and diplomacy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UPSC CSE: Bilateral relations, diplomacy challenges and trade negotiations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2. Nobel Prize in Economics 2024<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 226px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXefWDWpkIGNL7RoUq0XCLKG9ZgHjMFfJhpBh32roeVpV_5Ikyb-07MAc1LKgZ6ZUlPVUDYnjoMj6kELhC23DH0wMdo4aJo-cC9tuvbvjdGQMDZObxl3PatLfrYYDKZwK2nUtIEU6ImK-KUO3Z0KEevGnaSg?key=RqHCu4BQHAYBN5RcKBhoDg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Overview of the Winners<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Nobel Prize in Economics 2024 has been awarded to Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. Their research examines how political and economic institutions influence the level of wealth in a country.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Key Contributions<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Role of Institutions in Economic Growth:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">They showed how inclusive institutions (those which are democratic and transparent) enhance economic performance while extractive institutions create inequality and stagnation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Colonial Legacy and Modern Inequality:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">How European colonial powers through the establishment of colonial institutions shaped income inequalities between many nations and still continue to shape such income inequalities today.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Case Study of Nogales:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This is a border town between the U.S., and Mexico, which shows the impact of institutions. The US side of the town has better economic conditions due to better institutions compared to Mexico\u2019s side.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Relevance to Exams<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SSC CGL: Study about world sources of development and achievements of a country in the field of economics.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UPSC CSE: Understanding of institutional aspects in relation to economics and inequality and development theories.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3. India-Russia Northern Sea Route Cooperation<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 174px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdeY7O-WomnEVJL3YtJQuzQ62HX34nWjq6_-MBYinbQSdHdw9STP1wsNcSRvqJj5lsJSfHOP9kK0t8uJRsOtZpELh22l7PpC36TE7u7WyUdqT9jwehvvnwSMNIzsyF14TJtSsxiv9WEWqYDshUsbvLf9gl9?key=RqHCu4BQHAYBN5RcKBhoDg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Key Developments<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Northern Sea Route (NSR):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India and Russia\u2019s primary interest in this Maritime route is as a trade route connecting Europe, Russia, and the Asia pacific.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Russian state owned company Rosatom is promoting the NSR as an important transportation construction.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Memorandum of Understanding (MoU):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An MoU was formulated to collaborate on sea trade and to guide Indian sailors towards polar navigation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Investment in Russia and the Far Eastern countries:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India has extended its investment in Russia and particularly the Far Eastern region with a view of expanding support systems and increase logistics.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance to Exams<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SSC CGL: Foreign trade sea routes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UPSC CSE: Role of sea diplomacy and the politics of the arctic region and development of strategic infrastructure.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4. Global Hunger Index 2024<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 204px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfXoBLS8ZMJb1C4zBf_2KZClr5gGrjF1m2FG_81nXLFNDwV73wyOHv5JQpZ5j85euIFUu92LffhtAAc4OBiJJCwasDennCnPTYwp8oIP5wRub--5I20hL5f93OKZTj_MUj0sbjr0Pen82Oxz4iaKy-Atj8B?key=RqHCu4BQHAYBN5RcKBhoDg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Key Findings<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India\u2019s Rank:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Out of the 127 countries weighed, India is positioned 105 and is classified among countries of \u2018Serious\u2019 Hunger.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Statistics on India\u2019s Performance:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Population in stunted growth due to undernourished conditions: 13.7 percent.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Children under 5 years below normal height (stuntionly): 35.5 percent.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Wasting thus nutrition in children: 18.7 percent.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">NMR (Child mortality) 2.9%.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Global Scenario:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Regarding country profiles, Somalia, Yemen, Chad, Madagascar emerges as the highest count for people in need of food or hungry.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Also in Togo, great strides have been made especially in most countries, in fact, developmental works are ongoing.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance to Exams:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SSC CGL: Hunger metrics and Associated information on position of India globally.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UPSC CSE: Hunger, Food Security, and analysis with respect to SDG 2 \u2013 Zero Hunger.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5. Issues related to the Nile<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 172px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdrJeO6E6945bRK7AlHRboIswCf78zoP8IQNsUliZgsERzXznGosE9j2To5g7yLtERhLw78vslRjkS51OnlAiI_wJAwKDQDilQfNyNPLBz-3Tn9WVxNAHfnhG4hESs3lpYxd6GKZGF5n4p60OFm0hmBOCs?key=RqHCu4BQHAYBN5RcKBhoDg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Overview of the Nile<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nile River, which is the longest river in the world, flows north in northeastern Africa into the Mediterranean Sea.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Countries that fall within the Nile Basin: Tanzania, Ethiopia, Egypt, Uganda, and Sudan.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Key Issues<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Conflicts over Water Use:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are frictions between the countries of Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan regarding the flow of the river due because of the dam known as the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Historical Water Treaties:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ethiopia refuses to recognize the existence of the 1959 Nile Water Agreement, stating that it never signed any colonial treaties concerning the waters.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance to Exams<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SSC CGL: Geography questions on rivers and disputes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UPSC CSE: Geopolitics, treaties related to water-sharing and the resolution of the disputes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6. Symbol Allocation by the Election Commission<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 179px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcdjSOQ6yzJZOi75yoQSywYk4xSIrqp_LQNO0Q18VuJV9LoNoTFPJBgx2BNju-uMcFSXS_t-GfPrzZePVcjlstlUKe-YuSAj5K7lVe5M0F-rKqz5KvIFz_QQhCn6bJHYyjF_k3pL4W-AcY-J3l-0PqAT6gs?key=RqHCu4BQHAYBN5RcKBhoDg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Election Commission\u2019s Amendment<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Reference to Audited Accounts:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Indian political parties that are registered need to provide books of accounts for three years.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Reporting of Expenditures:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Political parties needed to submit expenditure reports from their last two election processes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Symbol Allocation<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Recognised Parties:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Symbols kept without open competition are unique to such registered political parties.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Unrecognised Parties:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Such political parties had provided cover symbols if they have contested in 2 Lok Sbha constituencies or 5% assembly seats.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance to Exams<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SSC CGL: Allocation of symbols and conduct of elections.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UPSC CSE: Changes in the election process and the ECI\u2019s functions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7. Dragon Drones: New Weapon of War<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 175px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdhoWtRvMrrmPziGU26OrHrcN0H1qebfjOYjS8yqjuOc2MUxpARd_smU5lEHeUgRV-q8oloG5Wl_OrmqlshaM3CFKXXbu9ZDhv6QF5fG-cDsP73y3g6lUVaHjYhUPUBID4-KKMbBKYyPmremiM3q8S_4_Sy?key=RqHCu4BQHAYBN5RcKBhoDg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Introduction<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dragon Drones runs on a mixture called thermite, a compound of aluminum mixed with iron oxide, which helps create self-sustaining fires.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Key Features<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Deployment in War:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Operated at low altitudes, with greater accuracy on target.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Effect<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fuel the clothes and vehicles and trees too as well<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Can work underwater and has caused severe burns to human<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance to Exams<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SSC CGL: Questions related to state of the art military technology.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UPSC CSE: Role of drones in war and national security policies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8. Sati System and Legal Reforms<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 272px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhhjucgXAyBETlpGBPTr5Cj1dbcl1pYTkFi1QEsOb9byIzfpPRknrgX6U_i014qQSJr4D6sfAK5K-hcbEoJ90Ai1LxLYe9CNmrKKf3-9E5qUtnXFRHa6qnK41yoZ599uQ8aErdoEXRik0s\/\" alt=\"\u0938\u0924\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0936\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Historical Background<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The ancient Indian practice of Sati, which is self-immolation by widows, continued well into medieval times.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Major Reforms<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bengal Sati Regulation of 1829:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Governor-General William Bentinck banned the practice.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Attempt to Commit Sati: Up to one year imprisonment.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Abetment of Sati: Life imprisonment.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Glorification of Sati: 1 to 7 years imprisonment and fines.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Other Social Reforms<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Widow Remarriage Act in 1856: Widow remarriage was legalized.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Child Marriage Restraint Act (1929): The act established the legal minimum age for marriage as 14 years for girls and 18 years for boys.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Applicability to the Exams<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SSC CGL: Social reform movements in India<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">UPSC CSE: Legal history as well as the women&#8217;s rights movement of India.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-group hindi-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1. \u0928\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u093e: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e&#8217; \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u092f\u093f\u0915\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 183px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcHaQj_xKbJvT_gArSu3_JD4sQab4OSwMaJvrPKth-8L68K9zRugJAllsAIHk5-zCW7sHxSCgZbzPYcAu32nLw0EzxVAGH0lfa44btvnLts22ZTCpDlNnUhvbG1hyXomzDMpr-VvhWvw8Ggfbo1r4f3DNhb?key=4Ie6ANjHMhE5igiLavSMcw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">18 \u091c\u0942\u0928 2023 \u0915\u094b, \u091a\u0940\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u092f\u093e \u091c\u092c \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u093f\u0916 \u0909\u092a\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u0939\u0930\u0926\u0940\u092a \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0916 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u091b\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b &#8220;\u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902&#8221; \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b &#8220;\u0939\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0926&#8221; \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u093f\u0916 \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0928:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u091b\u0939 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u092f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0935\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0949\u0938 \u0935\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0932\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u092c\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0936 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930: \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092d\u0940 \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927: \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0916 \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932: \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908: \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0915\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2. \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 2024<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 226px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXd_xcrOLBrPE1QKAYcYfaLh1nCKbWGcJXaIwqfVvSebDCUPymQVvuvJPXiqlx7BgS5vZBWvxy9EfW7YkzDCS2GbDzTyp5XNDUnY6DPdl5p3ES_CuK58yvgFOT_jqIPsoObfYe4zCrSY5hvrVJGFW-U8n1tL?key=4Ie6ANjHMhE5igiLavSMcw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 2024 \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u090f\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942, \u0938\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0928 \u091c\u0949\u0928\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0947\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0930\u0949\u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 (\u091c\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902) \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0906\u092f \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0921\u0940:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0915\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932: \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908: \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924-\u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 174px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdrZXMuyKqE3C3y6Cj_eiBCTw6yTyzAWM_s889wkbAEdHvdVsxkRsKMwKnbKAzO9zoIFt9vT9Po3VHTw0zfI06BGq6Xa6v7Injod2PJEG8wJPFaLAkP8F1TWeqP1IGnY-9Wzu0ZbDMDRmz3HPsfOSUhR57q?key=4Ie6ANjHMhE5igiLavSMcw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 (\u090f\u0928\u090f\u0938\u0906\u0930):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a, \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u0938\u093e\u091f\u0949\u092e \u090f\u0928\u090f\u0938\u0906\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 (\u090f\u092e\u0913\u092f\u0942):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932: \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908: \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4. \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0902\u0917\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 2024<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 204px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdJP9EK3xxVyjSZz9MEL3-vBifohr2ajm_28j9KO7b7v9h9LD9zokycPmBXY7_zV80QLmOvGv2MIHsP0TUNptG-zTVaOdHy2g7rZ0P4cVuwoW7mMxOwgYdO1Oq66dbTD8CJygsxpqJg0gjVAuKSq7tqQHw?key=4Ie6ANjHMhE5igiLavSMcw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0948\u0902\u0915:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">127 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 105\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930&#8217; \u092d\u0942\u0916 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0930\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948: 13.7 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0909\u092e\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e (\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930): 35.5 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940: 18.7 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0928\u090f\u092e\u0906\u0930 (\u092c\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0926\u0930) 2.9%\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092f\u092e\u0928, \u091a\u093e\u0921, \u092e\u0947\u0921\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932: \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908: \u092d\u0942\u0916, \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0938\u0921\u0940\u091c\u0940 2 &#8211; \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0942\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5. \u0928\u0940\u0932 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 172px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfHf557dbsCKJFydAD43Ru7DAz5ZBiN-m8RvUQAOPdi6ArkHYsKIHfyQZYt14ZGO0jYorykhJqGG0yowHbPCoaiux_dHg5qibM4UQZl5GLMmwP74zGx0U2O-Y-T9nDLT4e4TKBOBpAlAZIh6aq5DGQGZU8?key=4Ie6ANjHMhE5igiLavSMcw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0928\u0940\u0932 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u0940\u0932 \u0928\u0926\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u0940\u0932 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936: \u0924\u0902\u091c\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0907\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930, \u092f\u0941\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0921\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0907\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0927 (\u091c\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930, \u0907\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0921\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0924\u092d\u0947\u0926 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0947 1959 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u0932 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932: \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908: \u092d\u0942-\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f, \u091c\u0932-\u092c\u0902\u091f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6. \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u091a\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939 \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u0928<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 179px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXe01ui3B5770OQL8FbkuxGTpEsfb0USqS_BYo9yAUPayPC28U41FwYX0-lEcye8ZgVAdArBnWdPuYPipmbZzmrk_Ln5WQ4Lu1iHoFhlvZBdznTzOso4xjmNjIescLGIZ78B8pGSA0a9Rq3cx6RCzpgEZBb_?key=4Ie6ANjHMhE5igiLavSMcw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u0928<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0916\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0926\u093f 2 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e 5% \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0938\u0940\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908: \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0908\u0938\u0940\u0906\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7. \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0917\u0928 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928: \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 175px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXe08Akq5_wA2gIL7x8U0WHDMX_gFNOhKwn39or6K_T_zx8kpjEGtoTj_GQ_XXx-gRWIz3kgMM9J_4WdqIjwZFn9wQRuu_stfRlQR5x1Clm9-cqYRECNMglk4A2UsmBq2WgsYvhUp1wWrbEZyhd1P7tsjGSO?key=4Ie6ANjHMhE5igiLavSMcw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0917\u0928 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0930\u0928 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0906\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0910\u0902<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0915\u092e \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092d\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932: \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908: \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8. \u0938\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 233px; width: 300px;\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhhjucgXAyBETlpGBPTr5Cj1dbcl1pYTkFi1QEsOb9byIzfpPRknrgX6U_i014qQSJr4D6sfAK5K-hcbEoJ90Ai1LxLYe9CNmrKKf3-9E5qUtnXFRHa6qnK41yoZ599uQ8aErdoEXRik0s\/\" alt=\"\u0938\u0924\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0936\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0926\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1829 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930-\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0924\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 (\u0930\u094b\u0915\u0925\u093e\u092e) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1987:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938: \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923: \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0928: 1 \u0938\u0947 7 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1856 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e: \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0927 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (1929): \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 14 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 18 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908: \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Nijjar case: India, Canada \u2018expert\u2019 diplomats\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Background Diplomatic Tensions: On 18 June 2023, things took a drastic turn when Canada alleged that its Indian agents were behind the assassination of Hardeep Singh Nijjar, a Canadian Sikh preacher, leading to an already existing tension for the Sikh community. Canada branded six Indian [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[83,1866,1863,1860,1864,1861,1862,1865,1749,1750],"class_list":["post-27799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-national","tag-current-affairs","tag-dragon-drones","tag-global-hunger-index","tag-india-canada-relations","tag-nile-conflicts","tag-nobel-prize-2024","tag-northern-sea-route","tag-sati-reforms","tag-ssc-cgl","tag-upsc-cse"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27799"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27799\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28468,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27799\/revisions\/28468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27799"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}