{"id":27795,"date":"2024-10-18T16:45:57","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T16:45:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/current-affairs-capsule-for-18th-october-2024-8813\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T13:23:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T13:23:15","slug":"current-affairs-capsule-for-18th-october-2024-8813","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/current-affairs-capsule-for-18th-october-2024-8813\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Affairs Capsule for 18th October 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-group english-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1. SC upholds Section 6A of Citizenship Act as valid\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdR62jYrTwmbBYk7njcQ9E1hIUn8v0kc33YVxu-a3guIv6L267WhcwUJZqb57AZ3QmIAgvHw3QnHpqEKVByIypzBXcyUyjMN--AoN65DaxTBKf2MbXgo1KyF5Ih_EuM2N81D4rd1pqCQZbWGHWEwDQdxnXg?key=4WXpq3OeYJd-bhE4uh2wyw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Supreme Court Decision (2024):<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A 4:1 majority of the Supreme Co<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">urt judges agreed with the judgment that section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955 is constitutional.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Major Points:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Section 6A permits immigration people from Bangladesh who came to Assam before January 1, 1966, to acquire Indian citizenship.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It was because of the legal and humanitarian implications of the issue of migration.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Importance for SSC CGL &amp; UPSC:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Indian Constitution : Article 6 is Citizenship Rights when the Constitution began and Article 7 Rights of certain migrants from India to Pakistan.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Migration Issues: The Assam Accord and the changes brought in to the citizenship laws are common political and governmental issues.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Historical Background &amp; Assam Agreement (1985):<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Assam Accord A peace agreement arrived at in 1985 between the Government of India and the leaders of the Assam Movement. It aimed to deal with the problem of illegal migrants coming from Bangladesh to Assam.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Section 6A was added to the Accord to deal with the immigrants&#8217; citizenship rights who arrived between January 1, 1966, and March 25, 1971, under special circumstances.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Constitutional Provisions:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The Supreme Court found the Section 6A of not being illegal<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Article 6: Rights to citizenship for people who moved to India from Pakistan before July 19, 1948.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Article 7 Rights of migrants who reached Pakistan after 1 March, 1947 but returned later.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Article 29(1): Respect of the rights of cultural and linguistic communities.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Majority Opinion:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Justice Surya Kant highlighted the careful balance needed to help immigrants and refugees while protecting the country&#8217;s long-term growth and use of resources.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dissenting Opinion:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Justice B.V. Nagarathna disagreed, contending that Section 6A was not constitutional and breached the principles of equality and justice under Article 14.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Implementation Problems:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The court expressed its views, which voiced concerns by worrying that uncontrolled migration could put pressure on Assam&#8217;s economy and resources.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2. Selection of the Next Chief Justice of India<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 195px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfF3JeHg9kSiyymfES1vAOcex4VBesw2WeNN54cFlk57p8kmlnp_TiyXPtihSh1_0pTOCy3iwbv8oMxXP80faN1z7Ju-RWZfxq2UlS5VjW2RvIH_KADWe8TgyBQGFfDVEIkC3y2pAs-_oiDFEA_5rigcnNd?key=4WXpq3OeYJd-bhE4uh2wyw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Recommendation for the 51st CJI:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud has recommended Justice Sanjiv Khanna for the position of the 51st Chief Justice of India. He is going to take over on November 10, 2024.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Key points:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This recommendation is based on the rule of seniority, which is normal, as well as in picking a Chief Justice.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In fact, it commences its process based on what the outgoing Chief Justice suggests.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Justice Khanna\u2019s Career:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Justice Sanjiv Khanna enrolled as an advocate in 1983 and joined the Delhi High Court as a judge in 2005. He was made a permanent judge in 2006 and designated as a Supreme Court judge in 2019.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Notable Judgments:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Abrogation of Article 370: Justice Khanna&#8217;s judgment was instrumental in the decision to uphold the abrogation of special status to Jammu and Kashmir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Interim Bail Grant: Justice Khanna granted interim bail to Arvind Kejriwal during the Lok\u00a0Sabha elections in 2024.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance for UPSC &amp; SSC CGL:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Judicial Appointments: Those who aspire to be a judge need to know about judicial appointments, the role and power of the Chief Justice on legal matters, and significant judgments of the courts on Constitutional amendments.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3. New railway reservation rule<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 172px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcMyllgZq9aEzCb9U4s7Uj7S4k_9cPU_yyL9a-B52Gc0RmpYnFL3zDV1i2Ie9Jg9dcW6y0c8pMcEffsNHWPRIWNwg_vDgl0SMv9wrxqQjoVbsQtEm1wZ6K9I_h7ZiGlZD7O_Md83LtsQtczu9_iidzK8ubg?key=4WXpq3OeYJd-bhE4uh2wyw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">New Rule (Effective from November 1, 2024):<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Railway Board further reduced the period for advance booking of train tickets from 120 days to 60 days.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Reasons for Change:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">High cancellation rate: Many went cancelled because most passengers did not show up for the bookings within a 120-day period.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Objective: The Cut to 60 days is supposed to reduce the cancellation and make sure that actual passengers can get their tickets.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Impact on General Class:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The change does not affect the regular-class tickets, which most often are booked when travel dates are closer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Exemptions for Some Trains:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The new rule excludes express trains like the Taj Express and Gomti Express, which already have shorter advance reservation periods.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance for SSC CGL:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The knowledge of why policy changes are made in the case of public transport is helpful in exams related to public policy, economics, and governance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4. Marital Rape Debate<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 461px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfx4qF1a7k44qlHcLwxPbBgrDFDZtM8nNprf8a2lnpGk227EXXiAcSNzDAeHW4jrbtgwXWQo1jUApflQwzXhc5BIgr2mTd9nJUC1LLpxQu5j9qbMgNJhgSjsG6TL_poW2RJ4o3Cx2xedMoHPQdJ7PSg2n5C?key=4WXpq3OeYJd-bhE4uh2wyw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Supreme Court&#8217;s Concern:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Court asked about sex without consent in marriage and why it is not seen as rape by the law.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Centre&#8217;s Stand:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Union Government opposed making sex in marriage without consent illegal, which would harm a marriage and affect the relationship of husbands and wives.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Arguments Against Marital Rape Exception:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This is senior advocate Karuna Nundy, who argues for the All India Democratic Women&#8217;s Association: &#8220;It doesn&#8217;t hurt marriage, but it does protect constitutional freedoms.&#8221;.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance for UPSC CSE:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Main focus is on constitutional rights, gender fairness and the changing laws that protect women&#8217;s rights in India.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5. Saudi Arabia launches new digital platform to ensure wage protection\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 206px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdkx8rmurFhC7-gS2nC6T5pPvDglns72k9yyX1oEcbw0rPN0rcAM9SZQ6KYQyY3n0LqLbwXgxY_QS_CnUpCvD4znjHTFXsVrqtcx0UZRJG6F4YP_ddncoJO_X3Sq-AvjzMElgQcpkdIfhHeSTPOrxb-7Or_?key=4WXpq3OeYJd-bhE4uh2wyw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Musaned Platform:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Saudi launched an online system to safeguard the wages of foreign workers, especially domestic helpers, and security at work.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Countries Affected:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Musaned assists workers from 10 countries in Africa, that include Sudan, Ethiopia, and Uganda; while 9 Asian countries are supported, including India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Platform Features:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Checking on the Contracts: The workers can view their employment contracts and track financial transactions to ensure they are fulfilling contractual obligations.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Health and Insurance Benefits: Due to health and insurance plans tied directly to helping the employee with any issues.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance for UPSC:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is essential to know about international labor laws, digital governance, and how labor rights are protected under programs like Vision 2030.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6. \u2018Zero Defect Zero Effect\u2019 Initiative<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 193px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfU9buE-hhwZmDOKanL8UiFly595GB49ItGB3l1vF-fkW18YIYycWHNLmlGNT0mi-Aa5JqRRXwqd6QCusvlPcne39CXuId0ldvKHf_N1vdv724EcVsyGQDzPSqBSJE59DYxXkyWcpbVW640L9teqh-KPPIE?key=4WXpq3OeYJd-bhE4uh2wyw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Overview:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Launched under the Ministry of MSME in the year 2016, this scheme aims at helping MSMEs produce quality products without any form of defect and without posing any environmental hazard.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Key Objectives:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Encourage MSMEs to embrace the most modern technologies that ensure quality manufacturing.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Encourage MSMEs to attain ZED Certification levels through graded incentives.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Support the Make in India campaign by improving quality and reducing environmental impact.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance for SSC CGL &amp; UPSC:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This initiative is important for understanding India&#8217;s policies in the MSME arena, sustainable development, and efforts in the Make in India campaign.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7. Mechazilla by SpaceX<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 160px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfHts8_7InV1KaxkDHXnGQ87Qp41tdWN1l6SHgziu3kvFGvn-3GnIdqGa3zLoAduIEdJ_k-OIBA8awcfx0M6yUZ-QKko9A0jb91soqxAu0NvNtMAGlRAxEpfc6-Kl02U2rB2MuXTyKl6Zoi-ga3cOkvwlVr?key=4WXpq3OeYJd-bhE4uh2wyw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">About Mechazilla:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mechazilla is approximately a 400-ft rocket-catching structure to land SpaceX&#8217;s Starship rocket at their South Texas base.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It catches the Super Heavy booster falling from air using chopsticks, that is, mechanical arms.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Importance:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It prolongs the life existence of the booster while saving a lot of launching expense through faster repair and reuse ability.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance for UPSC:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Improvements in space technology, green space missions, and the use of space vehicles again can be quite important for science and technology areas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8. National Security Guard (NSG)<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 189px; width: 350px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXd5qOAbgWsV7RxV2zzFQuJTL57pYJwO2u9zRfkpnYe4bfTI4cHF3wH0SNs7bPwOF2m-MV3SDyP22obfwikGfRbCdNz3H47tYf_nWkYl9u_LU-2w_d2df32K_wVVESZYijC8V6Oa7b28tK3E2OgaeZBlwxM?key=4WXpq3OeYJd-bhE4uh2wyw\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Overview:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The NSG, also known as Black Cats, is one of the seven Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs). It works under the Ministry of Home Affairs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Key Responsibilities:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Some of its key activities involve counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, and bomb disposal.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Key Operations:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Among the significant operations are Operation Black Thunder (1986 and 1988), Operation Vajra Shakti (2002), Operation Black Tornado (2008 Mumbai), and Operation Dhangu Suraksha (2016 Pathankot).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Relevance for UPSC:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A candid insight into India&#8217;s internal security systems, the role of special forces and national security plans.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-group hindi-content is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1. SC \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e 6A \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0920\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 184.7128804269436; width: 325px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfFeCNukHTbkfaHgVUIARn3uiUaMSIdavxOz-G1s7_XLCwsniQLg6VgzDbocF4E30kJUOngtnYOnjb59PmOIg0HkhxZdILSXyjFAzLfQiM3fR9ntoXSLu58QdOiWsQBH9PQ08MNmSybnMt_zB499eUAkvLD?key=0MsOILdTNJacXQdrtLSUzg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f (2024):<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e 4:1 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092e\u0924 \u0907\u0938 \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1955 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e 6\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e 6\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0947 1 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940, 1966 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u092e \u0906\u090f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0910\u0938\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928: \u091c\u092c \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 6 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 7 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947: \u0905\u0938\u092e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u092e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u092e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e (1985):<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0938\u092e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e 1985 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u092e \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940, 1966 \u0914\u0930 25 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a, 1971 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0906\u090f \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e 6\u090f \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e 6\u090f \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 6: 19 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 1948 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0906\u090f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 7 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u094b 1 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a, 1947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u091f \u0906\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 29(1): \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092c\u0939\u0941\u092e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u092f:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u093e\u092f:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0940.\u0935\u0940. \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0905\u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e 6\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 14 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0926\u093e\u0932\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 195px; width: 347px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXf24_3-H7ivKwjn4UPftmUUduoRuFDYOYZOMroGOxC2NCAhF0-vT6ftb-sy6aB_X0QhQvBpOC3wSTF4WcESVaVxxZoFIiABvckrHefpSRZTM9_MvSxxYZL1AtPRi5tNt_Is_BE3s4hHLq_M-sitd-lR6lo8?key=0MsOILdTNJacXQdrtLSUzg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">51\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0947\u0906\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0936 \u0921\u0940.\u0935\u093e\u0908. \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0942\u0921\u093c \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 51\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0916\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0939 10 \u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930, 2024 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093c\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u091c\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0938 \u0916\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0916\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e 1983 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0915\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0914\u0930 2005 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 2006 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0936 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 2019 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 370 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e: \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0916\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u091c\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0942-\u0915\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0930\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u092e \u091c\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928: \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0916\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0947\u091c\u0930\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u092e \u091c\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924 \u0926\u0940\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2024 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0938\u092d\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u091c\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0936 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0926\u093e\u0932\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3. \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 172px; width: 306px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXceTWlRqzB53SUXpM3aGG4hdlc1cptraq0Bqjh36O5ICneyRM8CqexVh72P5eGyUW10VEp5E4y8dDJ0zdNqhJjRaJbiblh0QrH74qCO_EEx1NVgyEnKSXIX0EU21zLNtKt5B6_t_E4NGeTuTWiIbnYLST5T?key=0MsOILdTNJacXQdrtLSUzg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (1 \u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930, 2024 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940):<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u091f\u093f\u0915\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b 120 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0915\u0930 60 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0930: \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 120 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: 60 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u091f\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u091f\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u093f\u0915\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u091c\u0926\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0915\u0941\u091b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u0942\u091f:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u090f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u091c \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094b\u092e\u0924\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0906\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4. \u0935\u0948\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0938<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 461px; width: 340px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcUPuitOEeTyTA4-3M4HMnOxVStZrFA7UjIu22s1fC6-ivWmAQS4KeYr1JpWu9_SWNFLIdV_xPAVu16umqQuRv6-X67mn3tffovwsUChbGiYSdNB8dEw5-MiHj8wZl65Vn1B-DPhXwvbi6M8bGAj1IKQBql?key=0MsOILdTNJacXQdrtLSUzg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0932\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0941\u0916:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092f\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0935\u0948\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0935\u0915\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0941\u0923\u093e \u0928\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0916\u093f\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902: &#8220;\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5. \u0938\u090a\u0926\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u092c \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 206px; width: 390px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXeJChebCuIi-8HOAEYZwfTZQrwKF5-ZZsMRM5WENCxqFsCW9dlP2v-B-CKi8GddyHcV79h2L2MoYWw_ayh_ef9s7ScNudK_Ye8awkAM1cEJbe_B8csr-9O7cDp3oRX5Th_XeNoLNj7ZkWGUInW1Xjn_DoWL?key=0MsOILdTNJacXQdrtLSUzg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0941\u0938\u0928\u0947\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u090a\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0936:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0921 \u0905\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 10 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0921\u093e\u0928, \u0907\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 9 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e: \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d: \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0928 2030 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6. &#8216;\u091c\u0940\u0930\u094b \u0921\u093f\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u091c\u0940\u0930\u094b \u0907\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f&#8217; \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 193px; width: 344px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXeBUsIzW9bEvrQWJ_EUojZxWSrizI_lLUvTkkUvyPtlssxu8aCAHqjZQ0i1_huBGgg6loiFyytSQiTRtIxpcnUdUf_XJtbNl_AsaxIb9Qoi7XkjHdbwxhYqvEuULpRhAYsxmGcGh5ifGvDuXVVHqS7XAWs2?key=0MsOILdTNJacXQdrtLSUzg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 2016 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u092e\u090f\u0938\u090f\u092e\u0908 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0907\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u090f\u092e\u090f\u0938\u090f\u092e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u092e\u090f\u0938\u090f\u092e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u092e\u090f\u0938\u090f\u092e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0947\u0921\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0915 \u0907\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u090f\u092e\u090f\u0938\u090f\u092e\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0915 \u0907\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7. \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u091a\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 160px; width: 284px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfGgZvHuqOc_Vn69xVWxbuhQBRnlLRopSFt_C1KB_HK0Hd1DaluelQkfBk2CD6Yze2jyuMt4hiY7DPmw-9jsZkN2fPJ7DRyiU3jH3IjVPKQLNmm0E2X2b3NxTK4xyXI-vSX6-uly3gBOwN34mtzlnre34I?key=0MsOILdTNJacXQdrtLSUzg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0947\u0915\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0947\u091a\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 400 \u092b\u0940\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f-\u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u092c\u0942\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0949\u092a\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0915\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094b \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092c\u0942\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930, \u0939\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8. \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 (\u090f\u0928\u090f\u0938\u091c\u0940)<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 189px; width: 335px;\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcWpuGYzQAxxaNoPR_5jd_RW39aKxjR8-7lGUK_L9OTH58yVrqAB4fmsXPNGiA1fV43KMWRTQgKK5s8vNqAw4uMVKIRkrAp1ogWJrpvp7NNOjgk3yAQyn3iFt8DR6ImVO9MoDI-IMSvRtwI7CuCBe5LhsFe?key=0MsOILdTNJacXQdrtLSUzg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0928\u090f\u0938\u091c\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0915\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0936\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0938 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 (\u0938\u0940\u090f\u092a\u0940\u090f\u092b) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0943\u0939 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927, \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0915 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0925\u0902\u0921\u0930 (1986 \u0914\u0930 1988), \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u091c\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (2002), \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u091f\u0949\u0930\u0928\u0947\u0921\u094b (2008 \u092e\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0908), \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0942 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (2016 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u091f) \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>\u00a0<\/h4>\r\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. SC upholds Section 6A of Citizenship Act as valid\u00a0 Supreme Court Decision (2024): A 4:1 majority of the Supreme Court judges agreed with the judgment that section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955 is constitutional. \u00a0 Major Points: Section 6A permits immigration people from Bangladesh who came to Assam before January 1, 1966, to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[1853,83,1851,1852,1231,1850,1770,1749,1696,490,1750],"class_list":["post-27795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-national","tag-competitive-exams","tag-current-affairs","tag-government-policies","tag-judicial-appointments","tag-national-security","tag-public-policy","tag-space-technology","tag-ssc-cgl","tag-supreme-court-rulings","tag-sustainable-development","tag-upsc-cse"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27795"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27795\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28466,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27795\/revisions\/28466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}