{"id":14692,"date":"2026-07-24T16:36:53","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T11:06:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/?post_type=academic_content&#038;p=14692"},"modified":"2026-07-24T16:36:53","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T11:06:53","slug":"aravalli-range","status":"publish","type":"academic_content","link":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/aravalli-range\/","title":{"rendered":"Aravalli Range, Map, Location, Highest Peak, Drainage and Features"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Aravalli Range is one of the oldest fold mountain ranges in the world and India&#8217;s oldest mountain range in India. and India&#8217;s oldest mountain range, with rocks dating back to the transformation period that took place near the Geozone and North India during the coming together of continents (Archaean\u2013Proterozoic era). Running southwest\u2013northeast for about 670 km from Palanpur (Gujarat) in the western state, it crosses Rajasthan and Haryana and reaches Delhi. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Aravalli Range acts as a barrier separating the deserts of Thar to its south and the fertile plains of northwestern India. Moreover, it is abundant in minerals, forests and wildlife, and water resources; as well as being essential to combat desertification, recharge groundwater levels, store biodiversity and regulate the climate. The highest peak in the range is Guru Shikhar (1,722 m) near Mount Abu, Rajasthan.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aravalli Range: Location<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Aravalli Range is the oldest fold mountain of India and one of the oldest in the world.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It runs southwest to northeast over a 670 km length.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It extends from south-west of Palanpur in the state of Gujarat through Rajasthan, to Haryana, and finally ends at the Delhi Ridge in the National Capital Territory of Delhi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rajasthan has the largest share (nearly 80%) of the Aravalli Range.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Aravalli Range serves as a natural barrier between the desert region of Thar to the west and the fertile level grounds of eastern Rajasthan and the Indo-Gangetic Plain in western India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is located at a latitude of approximately 24\u00b0N\u201328\u00b0N and a longitude of 72\u00b0E\u201377\u00b0E.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The range represents an essential geographical barrier that affects the climate and runoff of northwestern India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aravalli Range: Formation<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aravalli Range \u2013 One of the oldest fold mountain ranges in the world, formed during the Precambrian Era.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Geological Research suggests that it is around 1.8\u20132.5 billion years old<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The range is crumbling, formed by ancient tectonic movements and continent-clashing that led to its creation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It has undergone weathering and erosion over a period of millions of years, resulting in hills that are rounded and the mountains that remain are residual.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Aravalli Range is primarily made of meta-sedimentary rocks and igneous rocks; other geological formations in the region include gneiss, schist, quartzite, marble, as well as granite and phyllite.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It has some of the richest deposits of metallic and non-metallic minerals in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aravalli Range: Highest Peak<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guru Shikhar: The highest peak of the Aravalli Range<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Height: 1722m (5650 feet) above sea level.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Positioned in the Mount Abu Hills of Sirohi district, Rajasthan<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guru Shikhar is additionally the most noteworthy point in Rajasthan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The highest peak has the Guru Dattatreya Temple, visited as a pilgrimage site.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Mount Abu Observatory of the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) is located here as well.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aravalli Range: Drainage System<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Aravalli Range is a crucial watershed of northwestern India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A system of west-flowing rivers east of the Aravallis drains into the Yamuna\u2013Ganga river system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The rivers that flow west of the Aravallis run into the Thar Desert and the Rann of Kutch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It refers to the following major rivers originating from or associated with the Aravalli Range:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Banas River<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Luni River<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Sabarmati River<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Sahibi (Sabi) River<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Sota River<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Significance of Aravallis: The range is crucial for groundwater recharge, soil conservation and water availability in Rajasthan and the neighbourhood.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aravalli Range: Physical Features<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The range stretches for about 670 km, starting from Gujarat all the way to Delhi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The oldest fold mountain range in the world<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marking of non-continuous hill features, steep rocky ridges and<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Average altitude 300\u2013900 meters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guru Shikhar(1,722 m) Highest point<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is abundant in granite, marble, quartzite, limestone and copper, zinc and lead-bearing mica.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To the east, it naturally shields the advance of the Thar Desert.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The range supports dry deciduous forests, thorn forests, and scrub vegetation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aravalli Range: Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Suit tropical dry deciduous forests and thorn forests, with scrubs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>It provides habitat to several key wildlife species:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Leopard<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Sloth Bear<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Striped Hyena<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Indian Wolf<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Nilgai<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Sambar Deer<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Chinkara<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rich in bird species including:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Indian Peafowl<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Grey Francolin<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Indian Eagle-Owl<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Vultures<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Important protected areas include:<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sariska Tiger Reserve<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (a zone of eastern influence of Aravalli)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aravalli Range: Challenges<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Illegal Mining:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Illegal and unscientific mining of marble, granite, quartz and other minerals has led to degradation of land, habitat loss and imbalance in ecology.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Deforestation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Massive clearing of forest for agricultural, urban, and infrastructure projects has diminished forest cover and biodiversity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Urbanisation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Cities like Delhi, Gurugram, Faridabad, Jaipur and Udaipur are witnessing rapid urban expansion, putting a lot of pressure on the Aravalli ecosystem through construction and land-use change.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Forest Land Encroachment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Unlawful invasion of forest land for housing, business and industrialisation has resulted in fragmentation of wildlife habitats.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Decline in Biodiversity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Many species have been threatened with losing their habitat, like leopards, striped hyenas, sloth bears and many birds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Excessive extraction of groundwater with degradation of natural recharge zones has lowered the level of groundwater in many parts of the Aravalli region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Soil Erosion and Land Degradation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Deforestation along with mining has worsened soil erosion, making lands lose productivity and further causing desertification.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Desertification:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Aravalli Range can sustain only limited dry periods, and further degradation of the range weakens its natural barrier function, which ensures that the Thar Desert does not move eastwards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Forest Fires<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Recurrent forest fires, largely within the dry season periods, destroy vegetation, wildlife habitats and soil quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Climate Change: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and prolonged droughts are increasing ecological stress on the Aravalli ecosystem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Pollution: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mining, industrial activities, construction dust, and improper waste disposal contribute to air, water, and soil pollution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Human\u2013Wildlife Conflict:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Shrinking forests and fragmentation of habitats have resulted in increased interactions between wildlife and humans living in proximity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Weak Environmental Laws Enforcement:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Despite many of the real issues being legally protected or under the direction of a court in some way, weak monitoring and enforcement often lead to illegal mining and encroachment over land reserved for these purposes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aravalli Range: Supreme Court Guidelines<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Supreme Court of India has issued several directions to protect the Aravalli Range from illegal mining, deforestation, and environmental degradation. The Court has stressed that the Aravallis are an important ecological feature and need to be protected to maintain environmental equilibrium.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Important Supreme Court Directions Regarding the Aravalli Range<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strict ban on illegal mining in Aravalli Range to safeguard ecology.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Closure of mines operating without proper environmental and forest clearances in an orderly manner.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Directs State Governments to demarcate and preserve forest land in Aravalli areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It said no developmental activity would be permitted without complying with the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ordered authorities to take steps to stop encroachments, unauthorised construction and changes in land use in ecologically sensitive areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That called for mass afforestation and ecological restoration of degraded Aravalli landscapes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ordered continuous surveillance of mining operations by environmental regulators and state bodies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Directed the governments to prepare scientific management and conservation plans for the Aravalli ecosystem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Emphasised wildlife protection ranges and biodiversity and groundwater recharge zones inside the Aravalli Range.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Restated and emphasised the return of the Precautionary Principle and the Public Trust Doctrine: Natural resources are to be entrusted for protection on behalf of current and future generations, respectively.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Also Read<\/h2>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px;border: 1px solid #000\"><a style=\"color: #393fd7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/yamuna-river-system-upsc-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yamuna River System<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px;border: 1px solid #000\"><a style=\"color: #393fd7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/son-river-origin-upsc-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Son River<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px;border: 1px solid #000\"><a style=\"color: #393fd7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/jhelum-river\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jhelum River System<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px;border: 1px solid #000\"><a style=\"color: #393fd7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/indus-river\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indus River System<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px;border: 1px solid #000\"><a style=\"color: #393fd7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/godavari-river-system-upsc-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Godavari River System<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px;border: 1px solid #000\"><a style=\"color: #393fd7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/indian-river-systems-upsc-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indian River Systems<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px;border: 1px solid #000\"><a style=\"color: #393fd7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/kaveri-river\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaveri River<\/a><\/td>\n<td 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style=\"padding: 12px;border: 1px solid #000\"><a style=\"color: #393fd7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/siwalik-hills\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Siwalik Hills<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px;border: 1px solid #000\"><a style=\"color: #393fd7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/karakoram-range\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karakoram Range<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aravalli Range FAQs<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"cfaq-wrapper\" data-multiple=\"0\"><div class=\"cfaq-item cfaq-open\"><button class=\"cfaq-question\" aria-expanded=\"true\"><span class=\"cfaq-question-text\">1. What is the Aravalli Range?<\/span><span class=\"cfaq-icon\"><\/span><\/button><div class=\"cfaq-answer\"><div class=\"cfaq-answer-inner\"><div><span style=\"font-size: 12.35px\">The Aravalli Range is the oldest fold mountain range in India and one of the oldest mountain systems in the world. It extends from Gujarat to Delhi through Rajasthan and Haryana.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cfaq-item\"><button class=\"cfaq-question\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"cfaq-question-text\">2. Where is the Aravalli Range located?<\/span><span class=\"cfaq-icon\"><\/span><\/button><div class=\"cfaq-answer\" hidden><div class=\"cfaq-answer-inner\"><div><span style=\"font-size: 12.35px\">The Aravalli Range extends from Palanpur (Gujarat) through Rajasthan and Haryana to the Delhi Ridge in the National Capital Territory of Delhi.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cfaq-item\"><button class=\"cfaq-question\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"cfaq-question-text\">3. Which is the highest peak of the Aravalli Range?<\/span><span class=\"cfaq-icon\"><\/span><\/button><div class=\"cfaq-answer\" hidden><div class=\"cfaq-answer-inner\"><div><span style=\"font-size: 12.35px\">Guru Shikhar (1,722 metres), located near Mount Abu in Rajasthan, is the highest peak of the Aravalli Range and the highest point in Rajasthan.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cfaq-item\"><button class=\"cfaq-question\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"cfaq-question-text\">4. Why is the Aravalli Range important?<\/span><span class=\"cfaq-icon\"><\/span><\/button><div class=\"cfaq-answer\" hidden><div class=\"cfaq-answer-inner\"><div><span style=\"font-size: 12.35px\">The Aravalli Range is important for preventing the eastward expansion of the Thar Desert, conserving biodiversity, recharging groundwater, regulating the regional climate, and supporting mineral resources and wildlife.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cfaq-item\"><button class=\"cfaq-question\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><span class=\"cfaq-question-text\">5. Which rivers originate from the Aravalli Range?<\/span><span class=\"cfaq-icon\"><\/span><\/button><div class=\"cfaq-answer\" hidden><div class=\"cfaq-answer-inner\"><div><span style=\"font-size: 12.35px\">&nbsp;Major rivers associated with the Aravalli Range include the Banas, Luni, Sabarmati, Sahibi (Sabi), and Sota rivers.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Aravalli Range is one of the oldest fold mountain ranges in the world and India&#8217;s oldest mountain range in India. and India&#8217;s oldest mountain range, with rocks dating back to the transformation period that took place near the Geozone and North India during the coming together of continents (Archaean\u2013Proterozoic era). Running southwest\u2013northeast for about [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":14693,"template":"","subject":[45],"class_list":["post-14692","academic_content","type-academic_content","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","subject-geography"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/academic_content\/14692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/academic_content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/academic_content"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.class24.study\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=14692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}